When most people hear “forest school,” they might imagine kids simply playing in the woods or think it’s just a trend. But forest schools are rooted in a well-established educational philosophy that combines child-led learning, outdoor exploration, and hands-on experiences. So, what exactly is a forest school, and why are more parents, educators, and communities embracing it?

Let’s dive into the heart of this outdoor-centered approach and understand the benefits, the structure, and even the risks involved in forest schooling.

What Is Forest School?

Forest school is an educational approach that immerses children in outdoor learning experiences, typically in wooded or natural environments. Originating in Scandinavia in the 1950s, the concept became popular in the UK in the 1990s and has since spread worldwide. Unlike traditional classrooms, forest school sessions are held outside—rain or shine—and focus on experiential, child-centered learning.

In a forest school, children engage in various activities that encourage exploration, creativity, and problem-solving, from building shelters and identifying plants to cooking over a fire or crafting with natural materials. The learning is typically guided by trained forest school leaders who facilitate opportunities but allow children to explore at their own pace and follow their interests.

The Core Principles of Forest School

Forest schools are designed around a few core principles:

1. Child-Led Learning: Children are encouraged to pursue activities they’re interested in, which fosters self-motivation, curiosity, and creativity.

2. Child Development: Forest schools focus on developing the whole child—emotionally, physically, socially, and cognitively—through real-world learning experiences.

3. Outdoor Risk: By encouraging children to take controlled risks, forest schools help develop resilience, confidence, and problem-solving skills.

4. Connection to Nature: Time spent in nature has proven benefits for mental health, physical well-being, and environmental awareness, which forest schools harness and nurture.

What Do Children Do in Forest School?

No two days are the same in forest school, but some common activities include:

• Building and Climbing: Kids often create structures using logs, sticks, and stones, or climb trees, developing physical strength and coordination.

• Fire Building and Cooking: Under supervision, children may learn to safely build and maintain small campfires and even prepare simple meals.

• Nature-Based Crafts: Crafting with materials like leaves, twigs, and pinecones helps children engage their creativity while building fine motor skills.

• Exploring Flora and Fauna: Children are encouraged to notice and identify local plants, animals, and insects, deepening their understanding of ecosystems.

• Games and Storytelling: Simple outdoor games and storytelling sessions foster social skills, language development, and cooperation.

Benefits of Forest School for Children

Forest schools have gained popularity due to a wide range of benefits:

1. Boosts Physical Health: With ample outdoor time, children enjoy fresh air, physical activity, and exposure to varied terrain. Studies show that children who spend more time outside tend to be more physically fit and experience fewer health problems.

2. Problem-Solving: Forest schools encourage children to take small, age-appropriate risks, such as climbing over fallen logs or walking on uneven ground. These risks develop their confidence, problem-solving abilities, and adaptability.

3. Mental Health: Nature has a calming effect on the brain. The sights, sounds, and smells of the outdoors can reduce stress, improve mood, and boost mental health, which is especially valuable in today’s high-tech, high-stress world.

4. Enhances Social Skills: By working with peers to build shelters, share tools, or solve problems, children practice communication, cooperation, and empathy.

5. Environmental Stewardship: When children learn about nature firsthand, they’re more likely to develop respect for the environment. This connection can inspire a lifelong appreciation for nature and a sense of responsibility for protecting it.

6. Promotes Independence: Forest school gives children the space to make decisions and tackle challenges independently. This autonomy is empowering and fosters self-confidence.

Risks and How They’re Managed

Any outdoor learning environment presents risks, but forest schools are designed with these in mind. Educators in forest school programs are trained to identify, assess, and mitigate risks while allowing children to experience the benefits of outdoor play. Here are some common risks and how they’re addressed:

• Physical Risks: Climbing trees, handling tools, and building fires come with the potential for scrapes or bruises. However, forest school leaders are trained to assess each situation carefully, guide children on safe practices, and keep a close watch without intervening too much. Children learn to respect boundaries and assess risks themselves—a valuable life skill.

• Weather Challenges: Forest schools operate year-round, which means children learn to adapt to various weather conditions. Proper clothing, regular movement, and designated shelter areas help manage these conditions. The exposure to varied weather also builds resilience and keeps children in touch with the natural cycles of the seasons.

• Allergies and Wildlife: Trained leaders are familiar with the local ecosystem and can manage potential allergens, poisonous plants, and wildlife encounters. Parents are usually required to disclose any allergies, and leaders prepare accordingly.

How Forest Schools Differ from Traditional Education

While traditional education often focuses on structured, curriculum-based learning, forest schools prioritize experiential, inquiry-based learning. Children are allowed to set the pace, often pursuing questions that arise naturally as they interact with their surroundings. For example, rather than simply learning about weather in a textbook, children may notice changing cloud formations or collect rainwater and discuss what they observe.

Forest schools are also less about reaching specific academic goals and more about building foundational life skills. By focusing on social, emotional, and cognitive development in an unstructured setting, forest schools equip children with tools to navigate the world confidently and creatively.

Is Forest School Right for Your Child?

Forest school can benefit children of all temperaments and abilities, but it’s essential for parents to consider their child’s specific needs and comfort level. Children who love the outdoors or are naturally curious and active often thrive in this setting. However, for children who may feel nervous in unstructured environments, forest school can be an opportunity to build resilience with gentle guidance.

It’s also crucial for parents to be comfortable with the approach, as forest schools typically encourage a bit of mess and a lot of adventure!

Conclusion: Embracing the Wild Classroom

Forest schools are much more than outdoor playgroups. They represent a shift toward nurturing children’s independence, resilience, and connection to the environment. By choosing forest school, parents and educators provide children with unique, holistic experiences that foster physical, mental, and social well-being.

At a time when children are increasingly glued to screens and spending less time outdoors, forest schools offer a breath of fresh air—literally. With so much to gain from outdoor learning, forest school might just be the perfect fit for your curious, adventurous child.